Companies such as Canon, Epson, Sharp, and Sony became leaders in printers, flat-panel displays, and monitors, while less well-known companies gained near-monopoly positions for many subcomponents and materials. (more…)
IBM was seen by many, including its own management, to be the last bastion against the Japanese onslaught. Japan’s government and companies were investing in advanced R&D for supercomputers and new generation mainframes. (more…)
The experience gained producing electronic components and consumer electronics gave the East Asian countries an advantage in attracting PC companies to produce and source there in the 1980s. (more…)
In the 1980s, three of the four countries (Hong Kong was the exception) enacted national strategies to promote the creation of personal computer industries and implemented the strategies with large sums of government spending for education and training, R&D, technology transfer, government computer use, and industry promotion. (more…)
In the mainframe era, the United States enjoyed the lion’s share of the computer market and was threatened only by Japan, despite the presence of European national champions. In the PC era, competition among countries has been much more vigorous and widespread. (more…)
